The daily recommended nutrient intakes for iodine are: in children 0–5 years, 90 μg in children 6–12 years, 120 μg in adults, 150 μg and in pregnancy and lactation, 250 μg ( 2). They result from inadequate thyroid hormone production due to a lack of sufficient dietary iodine. Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development in humans, collectively termed as the 'iodine deficiency disorders' (IDDs) ( 1, 2). In summary, continued support of iodine programs is needed to sustain these remarkable global achievements, and to reach the remaining iodine-deficient countries. However, the equity of iodized salt programs within countries remains an important issue. Once entrenched, iodine programs are often surprisingly durable even during national crises, for example, war-torn Afghanistan and Yemen are iodine-sufficient. Nigeria and India have unstable food systems and millions of malnourished children, but both are iodine-sufficient and population coverage with iodized salt is a remarkable 93% in both. Iodine programs are reaching the poorest of the poor: of the 15 poorest countries in the world, 10 are iodine sufficient and only 3 (Burundi, Mozambique and Madagascar) remain mild-to-moderately deficient. However, 21 countries remain deficient, while 13 countries have excessive intakes, either due to excess groundwater iodine, or over-iodized salt. The number of countries with adequate iodine intake has nearly doubled from 67 in 2003 to 118 in 2020. The quality of available survey data is high: UIC surveys have been done in 152 out of 194 countries in the past 15 years in 132 countries, the studies were nationally representative. For population surveys, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) should be measured and expressed as the median, in μg/L. As a result, 88% of the global population uses iodized salt. In 2020, 124 countries have legislation for mandatory salt iodization and 21 have legislation allowing voluntary iodization. Diets in many countries cannot provide adequate iodine without iodine fortification of salt. Double check the Word menu bar for a Zotero tab.Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development.
#ZOTERO DOWNLOAD UIC INSTALL#
If you performed a standard Zotero installation it should be located at C:\Program Files Go to My Computer on the left > click your C: drive > scroll down to and open the Program Files (x86) folder > scroll down to and open the Zotero folder > open the extensions folder > open the folder > open the Install folder >select the Zotero file and click OK.
#ZOTERO DOWNLOAD UIC PASSWORD#
it should give you this option on the main screen of a freshly installed Zotero client but if not you can do the following: Click on Edit > Preferences > SYNC > Enter your username and password and keep the Sync options checked. Once you create an account you will need to enter your information in to the Zotero Standalone App to sync your account. If you forgot to register or accidentally closed this window before doing so, you can still register at. This is important if you would like to use Zotero's web based client. It will also ask you if you would like to install the Web Plugin for the same browser.įurther down the page you will be given the opportunity to register with Zotero and create an account. Once you've installed the Standalone App a page will open in your default browser letting you know Zotero successfully installed. When creating your account you can use whatever email address you would like, it is not necessary to use your FDU email address.
#ZOTERO DOWNLOAD UIC FREE#
To create your free account go to and click the "Download Now" button.
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